Homosexuality from the Psychological and Christian Perspectives Essay

The â€Å"rightness† or â€Å"wrongness† of homosexuality has for quite some time been a subject for banter in both good and groups of friends. Some have said that a person’s sexual orientation is their own decision and consequently ought to be regarded. Some battle that homosexuality is welcomed on by factors both organic and natural and ought to in this way be comprehended. Firm Christian adherents then again bring up that when God made people, He made just man and lady. Anything that conflicts with that is essentially off-base and indecent. In the nineteenth century, homosexuality was characterized as one person’s want and enthusiasm for someone else of a similar sex (â€Å"Homosexuality,† 2004). Today, while the definition is as yet material, homosexuality has likewise come to be seen as â€Å"wanting to be of the other gender† not the same as one’s own science. â€Å"I can’t help who I am. † Is a person’s homosexuality achieved as an issue of decision, by birth, or is it something in a person’s situation? There have been hypotheses progressed in the field of brain research that state individuals are affected by factors both outer and inward. The late nineteenth and mid twentieth hundreds of years saw the main logical examinations into the inception of homosexuality (Vern and Vern, 1993). The first was Karl Heinrich Ulrichs (1825-1895). He was one of the principal recognized analysts into homosexuality just as one of the primary individuals to freely concede he was gay. Back then, he called what we know now as homosexuality â€Å"urning† and expressed that urnings ought to be considered basically as the â€Å"third sex. † Richard von Krafft-Ebbing (1840-1902) was one of the first to give sees on homosexuality as a depravity. On the other hand, every single sexual act embraced without the reason for multiplication, to him, were unnatural and â€Å"perversions of the sexual impulse. † (Vern and Vern, 1993) Several investigations at that point indicated that homosexuality, especially among guys, was a typical if not regular event. In the diary â€Å"Yearbook for the Sexual Intermediates,† Dr. Magnus Hirschfeld, a main advocate of the idea that homosexuality was intrinsic and in this manner common, states: â€Å"In the early stage state, individuals are cross-sexual, yet over the span of their characteristic turn of events, most lose their craving for individuals from a similar sex. These individuals are the heteros, who love individuals from the other gender. Another classification comprises of those people whose sexual organs grow typically however in whom the craving for same-sex people in the inclination place neglects to subside. The outcomes are men who love people who love ladies. † (Sappho and Socrates, 1896) (Russell, 1995) The field of analysis likewise introduced their perspectives on the starting point of homosexuality. In the good 'ol days, homosexuality, just as other â€Å"deviant† cultural practices were seen as â€Å"illnesses† that were treatable by therapy. One clarification progressed was that of Freud’s Oedipus Complex among guys and â€Å"penis envy† among the female gay people. Freud says that guys with Oedipus intricate, favored their mom and abhorred their dad. Maybe this can be meant guys despising their â€Å"maleness† on the grounds that they partner it with their dads. Ladies then again, acknowledge â€Å"a quelled want for a penis† in their psychosexual â€Å"phallic† and â€Å"oral† stages said Freud. (Webster, 2005, p. 324) Feminist pundits of Freudian hypothesis anyway said that Freud’s believing were too misanthrope and unmistakably against female. One vital advancement in mental comprehension of homosexuality was an investigation directed by Irving Bieber (Dain et al. , 1962, p. 182). In an example of 106 gay patients rewarded by possibly him or different specialists, he found that female and cross-sex standards of conduct usually showed themselves even before the period of adolescence. It is from this investigation that it was resolved that homosexuality set in even before guys were impacted by any hormonal floods and sexual mindfulness brought about by pubescence. These outcomes in any case, have been deciphered and over-improved by certain quarters to imply that homosexuality should then be ascribed to a male individual’s relationship with a solid, predominant mother and a frail or missing dad. It was then recommended that homosexuality was not a disease, yet rather a formative issue achieved by states of family relations especially the connection among father and child. Homosexuality was then rewarded as the result of a father’s inability to bond and intrigue the male sexual orientation character on his child. Father needs to reflect and insist the boy’s maleness. As Payne clarifies, â€Å"The manliness inside is called forward and favored by the manliness without† ( 1985: 13 ). This excellent and baffling match is the association of an internal need and an external reality. The kid tries to take in what is energizing, fun, and empowering about his dad. There is an opportunity and capacity to growing out of motherâ€and this force is represented by the dad. On the off chance that father is warm and open, the kid will be urged to dis-recognize from the ladylike and go into the manly circle. He will at that point become manly distinguished and most likely hetero. In the event that the two guardians support the kid along these lines, he will be well en route to satisfying his male sexual orientation ID and heterosexuality. (Baird and Baird, 1995, p. 52) The year 1973 saw an adjustment in the manner homosexuality was seen (Vern and Vern, 1993). Because of a vote held inside the American Psychological Association (APA), homosexuality stopped to be a sickness and was along these lines dropped from the APA Diagnostic and Statistical Manual. The discussion on the birthplace of homosexuality is essentially of a â€Å"nature versus urture† point of view. Some have placed that being gay is certainly not a decision, one is simply brought into the world gay. Others have fought that homosexuality originates from fizzled or lopsided connections inside the family. Which genuinely is which? Masterminds called â€Å"essentialists† hold forward the conviction that man’s make up is organic and hereditary. Sexual direction is only something that qualities, hormones and mind make up choose. Individuals are brought into the world gay and along these lines, can't change or break from that. (LeVay, 1996). (Seutter and Rovers, 2004) At the furthest edge of the contention are the â€Å"constructionists. For them, no one is brought into the world gay. Sexual direction is chosen and impacted by an individual’s connection and fortified decisions in the social setting especially in the family setting. (Seutter and Rovers, 2004) Family appears to assume a key job in the assurance of an individual’s sexual orientation. Be it taken from a hereditary commitment to setting the condition that conditions and situates a person with society. Numerous clinicians concur that a person’s relationship with individuals around one’s self will have impacts of differing degrees on the individual’s decisions and inclinations. Indeed a few speculations have been progressed with their premise on such familial commitments. (Seutter and Rovers, 2004) Bowen’s â€Å"Family-of-origin† hypothesis (1978) states that a person’s mental self view, practices, perspectives, convictions and qualities are framed by encounters inside one’s â€Å"family-of-starting point. † Differentiation or the need to save one’s self seeing someone as a person just as the degree of closeness came to is only something that are created in the group of-starting point. Authority and force were the reason for Williamson’s idea of â€Å"Personal Authority† (1991) In his idea, Williamson accepted that an individual’s individual and sentiment of individual was shaped by leaving the parental home in the mental if not physical sense. He further expressed that solitary when an individual has â€Å"individuated† himself or separate himself from the family and built up his own personality can he reconnect willfully with his family. (Seutter and Rovers, 2004) These days, gays and lesbians have become more â€Å"empowered† rather than the years past when gay people lived in dread of being found and segregated from society or denied from living regularly as they picked. In a diary article by Anthony R. D’Augelli (2003) for the American Journal of Community Psychology, he shares: Homosexuality was not expelled from the mental terminology in DSM until 1973, a year after I finished my doctoral preparing. During my clinical preparing, I needed to examine my sentiments with somebody, yet the thought was startling; and, I didn't look for proficient assistance in light of dread that I would be expelled from my program. (All things considered, who trains somebody with a psychological issue to be a clinical analyst? ) what's more, in spite of my sexual direction, which was genuinely obvious to me by then, I was unable to force myself to share this data even with the Army doctors during my physical assessment in the wake of being drafted for administration during the Vietnam period. This straightforward truth would have expelled me from acceptance, however I was unable to state the words. (D’Augelli, 2003) What the Church needs to Say The developing quantities of â€Å"out† gays and lesbians have not gotten away from the notification of the Christian houses of worship. Customarily, houses of worship of various religions have been unfriendly toward gays and lesbians. To them, there are just two sexual orientations: man and lady. There have even been a few cases where there were records of physical and verbal mortification and misuse gay admirers endured inside the congregation, at time in the possession of a minister of Father questioner.

The Creation of the NAIOS Regional Organization Assignment

The Creation of the NAIOS Regional Organization - Assignment Example NAIOS is represented by five standards organs. The general gathering is the most elevated organ in the chain of command. It is contained all the eight heads of states and an ex-official whose job is to seat gathering gatherings and furthermore goes about as the leader of the association (United Nations, 2013). The ex â€official is given the title of a secretary general. For this situation, the person is a non-divided individual chosen by the eight individuals from states. The general gathering is responsible for shaping commissions and panels that deal with the undertakings of the association for example harmony keeping, monetary control and arranging just as asset the executives. Second in the progressive system is the Security Council. This arm is comprised of a unified barrier power that is accountable for security in the entire district (United Nations, 2013). The board offers general military help to nations with no cautious power, for example, Aldor. It likewise ensures the district against privateers who intend to attack the harbors and help in the control of the utilization of atomic weapons by Rantania and Zwanen. The third organ is Economic and Social gathering. The board is comprised of bureau priests from all the eight nations that are accountable for social and financial possibilities in the locale. In fourth spot is the secretariat. This organ is going by the secretary General. It goes about as the focal point of action in the association (United Nations, 2013). For this situation, it is engaged with compromise over assets for example the contention among Rantania and Aldonia over the Gok Harbor. NAIOS has authority over political, money related, venture arranging and exchange gives the Eastern Africa area. The fifth organ is the global official courtroom which is accountable for worldwide indictment and law control in the locale. Its significant job is to hear instances of contention between part states. Provincial history has made it difficult for the association to direct a local political race. This is because of the

The Firehose

The Firehose This video is very appropriate this morning. Since about five oclock last night, with some breaks for sleeping and eating, I have spent most of my time immersed in the intricacies of addition reactions to alkenes and alkynes in preparation for my upcoming midterms in 5.12 (organic chemistry), not to mention the peculiarities of second-order ordinary differential systems for 18.03 (differential equations). Yes, I have two midterms on the same day. Yes, Im not very happy about that fact, but it happens. Ive been studying hydrogenation, hydroboration, and hydrohalogenation; epoxidation, oxidation, oxymercuration, and hydroxylation; halohydration, osmylation, reduction, alkylation, and (of course) ozonoloysis. Ive plumbed the details of syn addition, Markovnikovs rule, carbocation stability, radicals, hyperconjugation, and all sorts of stereochemistry and regiochemistry. Ive investigated the phenomenon of damping, the principle of superposition, the concept of linearity, the exponential shift law, and more. Yes, I know thats a lot of chemistry and math talk right there. Yes, that was the point. Not because Im trying to show off I read most of those terms off my notes; I dont know all them off the top of my head (mainly because the technical names of those chemical reactions actually dont matter very much in the long run) but rather because if you come to MIT, you too will suddenly become exposed to vastly more technical and scientific knowledge than you may have ever realized existed. For most of you, I imagine this will be a welcome change. Othersmay be a little more skeptical about that prospect. Goodness knows, I probably would have been. But Ive been here nearly a semester and a half now, and I feel thats enough time for me to assure each and every one of you, right now, of this one crucial fact: as daunting as the material, the courses, and MIT in general may seem now you can and will find yourselves equal to it. Sometimes, that may take more effort than others. But you can do it. In every single one of the classes I have taken so far at MIT whether its organic chemistry, classical mechanics, differential equations, or anything else I have been consistently confronted with problems more challenging than anything I ever dreamed of encountering in high school. But that, I cant help but feel, is one of the purposes of MIT. If college didnt push the boundaries of what you know well, whats the point? There is a reason an MIT education has been compared to taking a drink from a firehose, but that reason is not to overwhelm you with knowledge and make you want to shout IHTFP! from my (I mean, your) dorm room window. Its to show you exactly what youre capable of. Which is so much more than you might otherwise think.

Organ Donation and its Importance - 1800 Words

Lately have you been suffering because of something that you were either born with or can’t help? As of June of 2012 there were 126,681 patients suffering waiting for that one special person to donate their organs or organ to them so that there life can be changed and they can then live their lives to the fullest. That person whose life was changed forever, may have been waiting for that organ for months, or even year after year, for that one special phone call. You could be the next person to change someones life forever and ever. Organ donation is not only a self-fulfilling act of kindness, but if more people were to donate it’s effect it would have on others lives will have them ever grateful. Many people my have heard of Organ†¦show more content†¦Such countries include Australia and Belgium, the system is called presumed consent. It increases the supply of human organs available for transplant. Medical professionals are investigating ways to expand the supply of human organs. Some ways may include increasing live donations and providing compensation for organ donations. In countries such as, Australia donor permission is required, but final approval must come from the family. In other countries, doctors may remove organs for transplant after death unless, there is written evidence that the person does not want to be a donor. Organ donors are typically braindead or on a ventilator, which occurs in 1% of deaths. Organ donors are typically brain dead or on a ventilator so that person is not able to donate their organs. This occurs in about 1% of deaths. Organ donors are usually people who have had head injuries from car accidents, gun shot wounds, drowning, child abuse, or on life support. Donors cannot have infectious diseases, cancer, or be over 90 years old. It is relatively hard to be an organ donor because most people don’t die on life support, and even when they do die on life support they are too sick to have healthy organs to donate. This is displeasing because so many people wouldShow MoreRelatedThe Importance Of Organ Donation733 Words   |  3 PagesOrgan donation or transplant can save or improve other people lives. Organ donation will depends on donor agreement or their families. Therefore I am conducting the following qualitative research. Three groups were identified. I will use focus group due to its vital role of identifying peoples behaviors and attitudes and will provide a better understanding about the people experiences. In the school and university students groups it will be possible to meet and gather in a group meetings. I willRead MoreThe Importance Of Organ Donation929 Words   |  4 Pageswaiting for an or gan donation and every ten minutes another person is added to the waiting list. Organ donation takes healthy organs and tissues from one person for transplantation to another person. Everyone should be an organ donor if you are able to because one donor can save eight lives, and the gift of life is the best gift you can give (Organ Donation Statistics). Although 95% of United States citizens support organ donations, only 54% are actually donors (Organ Donation Statistics).Read MoreImportance Of Organ Donation Essay1660 Words   |  7 Pages2017 The Importance of Organ Donation While researching about organ donation, many articles brought forth the fact of how important organ donation is. This topic, however, is a big controversy among many people, especially families. Several articles, magazines, and previous research articles all share what organ donation really is and why it is important. By being a donor, you can save many lives in the end. My goal for this paper is to bring forth the importance of organ donation. Reasons toRead MoreImportance Of Organ Donation1094 Words   |  5 Pagesof them die because of the lack of donor organs? Still don’t care? What if among all the persons there is someone whom you know? I suppose now you care. I will introduce you the myths about organ donation, real facts and solutions. Let me introduce you first the definition of organ donation and some details of the history of donation. Organ donation is the process of providing an organ, organs, or partial organ to transplant into one or more people. Organ donors can be deceased or living. AccordingRead MoreImportance of Organ Donation2691 Words   |  11 PagesUnderstanding Transplantation A Brief History In 1954, a kidney was the first human organ to be transplanted successfully. Liver, heart, and pancreas transplants were successfully performed by the late 1960s, while lung and intestinal organ transplant procedures began in the 1980s.Until the early 1980s, the potential for organ rejection limited the number of transplants performed. 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To many people having someone give a gift of an organ donation is known has a second chance, a fresh start, and a new beginning at living a normal life again. Every year people on the wait list increase in numbers due to lack of organ donation shortages therefore, finding a donor becomes difficult because in order toRead MoreOrgan Donations1668 Words   |  7 PagesMichael Aguila Prof. Leblanc SPC 21 October 2012 Organ Donation Topic: Organ Donation General Purpose: To educate the class on the importance of organ donations. Specific Purpose: To persuade the class to not let their organs go to waste. Thesis Statement: Donating your organs allows a life to be prolonged. It also allows scientific studies to prevent future occurrences or finding a cure for a disease. Organizational Pattern: Monroe’s Motivational Sequence Visual Aids: Power-PointRead MoreDefinitions For Blood Donation746 Words   |  3 Pagesfor the blood donation. Males appeared more willing to donate blood than females, but most respondents in each race-gender group were willing to donate except for black females. The donation for cadaveric organs, most white respondents had identified themselves as organ donors on their driver’s licenses or donor cards, whereas less than most black persons had identified themselves as donors. The factors explaining race and gender disparities in willingness to donate for blood donation adjustment. MostRead MoreEssay on Increasing the Number of Organ Donors781 Words   |  4 Pagestwo words organ donation, we immediately let it slip our mind- as we simply don’t think it’s important enough. As this comes into play for many topics, we never truly recognise what others are put through on a daily basis. With 1,700 individuals on the Australian waiting list, we believe this number is very minor and can be benefitted easily. Truth is, while the numbers rise, many will have an unfortunate death having to wait up to 4 years or more at a time waiting for suitable organ transplantation

The Origins and Development of Electronic Dance Music and...

The Origins and Developments of Electronic Dance Music (EDM) and Contemporary Nightlife Musical Culture The origins and developments of Electronic Dance Music initially started with the development of the synthesizer. It was with these first uses of synthesized sounds that prompted the development of sequencers, sampling, effects processing, musical instrument digital interface (MIDI), use of computer technology, hard disk recording systems and modern day virtual studio technology (VST’s). These all fundamentally build the genre of electronic music, as we know it today. The development of this new technology brought many new genres to music, mostly popular, Electronic Dance Music being one of these. The Moog Synthesizer was the most†¦show more content†¦At the time, British inventor, Peter Zinovieff and American Composer, Raymond Scott were both looking into basic electronic sequencing, however it was Buchla that had the initial breakthrough. Before then, artists were manually cutting up and splicing tape together to achieve sequences and Buchla found an electronic alternative and soon developed his electronic sequencer. This meant that artists would no longer need to go through the time consuming process of cutting up tape for sequencing. Buchla said,â€Å" you could simply take my sequencer and set the time and the pitch for each interval. So that required, of course, a voltage-controlled oscillator, and from then it led to a bunch of other ideas† (Pinch, 2004, p.40). It was after the moog synthesizer that companies and inventors, much like Buchla, had started to look at other ways of evolving electronics into music. The Minimoog was a monophonic instrument, and instruments like the APR odyssey were soon after introduced that allowed duophony possible on synthesizers. The APR odyssey mk I was released in 1972, and was an aesthetically pleasing duophonic synthesizer, making it easy for a performer to tweak the parameters of the synthesized sound with sliders. By the mid 1970’s, well-known companies like Sequential Circuits and Yamaha had developed more advanced keyboard matrices, allowing polyphony to be introduced to the electronic music scene. OneShow MoreRelatedUAE Consumer Lifestyle Analysis42818 Words   |  172 PagesSchool Life 35 University Life 36 Adult Learning 37 Table 40 School Students: 2005-2009 37 Table 41 Higher Education Students: 2005-2009 38 Eating (including Soft Drinks) 38 Shopping for Food and Drinks 38 Dining in 40 Dining Out 40 Cafà © Culture 40 Table 42 Consumer Expenditure on Food (Current Value): 2005-2009 41 Table 43 Consumer Expenditure on Food (Constant 2009 Value): 2005-2009 41 Table 44 Consumer Expenditure on Food (Constant 2009 Value): 2010-2020 41 Table 45 Consumer Expenditure

Analysis Of Olympe De Gouges Declaration Of The Rights...

As I was examining the potential documents to research, Olympe de Gouges’ â€Å"Declaration of the Rights of Woman† was immediately striking to me. Personally, I was familiar with the original document: â€Å"Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen.† Therefore, I was interested in learning more about de Gouges’ version. Also, this particular document was striking because of the time period it was written in. The French Revolution is a fascinating period to study because of the implementation of Enlightenment ideals, and then the collapse of a lot of those ideas with the Jacobins and even later with Napoleon Bonaparte. I was interested in learning more about an influential woman of the French Revolution. Specifically, how her works and opinions†¦show more content†¦Also, it often included spontaneous rioting and craziness which included many women in the popular insurrections. In 1791, the â€Å"Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizenâ⠂¬  echoed many of the ideals of the Enlightenment. This progressive document helped further the rights for many and pushed forward the agenda of equal rights; however, many women, including de Gouges, saw this document as portraying the failure of the French Revolution. The next phase, the Republican Revolution, clamped down and cut many of the progressive laws and ideas that were characterized by the Liberal Revolution. Women were banned from the political sphere; many who spoke out against those in charge were executed for their opposition. Included in those who were executed were Olympe de Gouges in 1793. Therefore, the rest of the French Revolution is not necessary to understand her as a historical figure. Nevertheless, it is important to possess a better understanding of Olympe de Gouges to comprehend the â€Å"Declaration of the Rights of Woman.† She was born into a lower middle-class family under the name Marie Gouze in 1748 in southwest France. As a child, she was under the impression that she was the illegitimate child to her father. This belief would later influence her and fuel her into being an advocate for illegitimate children. In 1765, de Gouges married a caterer from Paris named Louis Aubry. She claimedShow MoreRelatedThe Destruction Of The Monarchy During The French Revolution1523 Words   |  7 Pagesdestruction of the monarchy during the French Revolution symbolized the Enlightened opinion that people shared fundamental rights. Questions about what it truly meant to be a citizen, especially in respect to political responsibilities such as voting and holding offices, were passionately contemplated and defined. However, prejudices quickly created controversies ov er whom, exactly, these rights and privileges belonged to. Craftily referred to as â€Å"citizenesses†, women were one such deliberated group duringRead MoreElusive Women Rights As widely cited the French Revolution served as the greatest war of liberation3000 Words   |  12 PagesElusive Women Rights As widely cited the French Revolution served as the greatest war of liberation of the human race and decried as bloodthirsty lesson on the working of mob mentality. Women despite their extensive participation in the relatively legitimate and orderly legislative and political process, which characterized the first phase of the Revolution, as well as in the violence of the Terror were no better off in 1804 after the formulation of the Napoleonic Code. The question asked is plainRead MoreWomen s Rights On The Grounds Of Political, Social, And Economic Equality1988 Words   |  8 PagesFeminism; the advocacy of women s rights on the grounds of political, social, and economic equality to men. The definition behind this popular and vastly spreading word has been twisted and manipulated to for the social standings of almost every society in existence. The truth behind the â€Å"Big Bad F-Word† is hidden and unknown to many people, gaining its spot as one of the most hated words in t he English language. Although many may deny the need for women’s rights movements, gender inequality has beenRead MoreCitizenship Is Defined By Merriam Webster1823 Words   |  8 Pagesunderstanding citizenship as an evolving term. With references from the French, an analysis of sovereignty, governmentality, and misconceptions over time, I will elaborate on the essential arguments surrounding the rights of a citizen and those who attempt to qualify. Thomas Hobbes, English philosopher and author of the Leviathan, began the semester with an introduction to European liberal thought, most notably, the rights of an individual and the natural equity of all men. Hobbes says that the naturalRead MoreThe Liberation of Paris Essay example2220 Words   |  9 Pagesa democratic form of government, that not only marked the end of the Vichy regime but also the end of the provisional government of Charles de Gaulle. Therefore it could be argued that the years of the Liberation lasted until the beginning of 1947, when the new Fourth Republic was finally put in place. It was after this period of Liberation that Charles de Gaulle set about creating a Resistance Myth that covered up the extensive collaboration that had taken place in France; later to be uncovered

Antecedents and Consequences of Organisational Citizenship Behaviour

Question: Describe about The Antecedents and Consequences of Organisational Citizenship Behaviour? Answer: Literature review It was defined by Organ (1988) that OCB is referred to as some of the discretionary behaviours of the people in the organisation that are not recognised by the formal or the explicit reward system but in turn promotes the performance of the organisation in overall. It can be said that OCB is seen as the behaviour that are beyond the normal routine expectations. The term was given by Katz (1964) as extra role behaviour (Alizadeh et al., 2012). Organ and Bateman (1983) said that OCB is the outcome of the behaviour which comes due to social exchange of the relationship. It was said that OCB is a behaviour that influences the positive outcomes of the organisation by setting a relation which is multi dimensional. OCB can contribute to the success of the organisation in many ways. In both social psychology and organisational behaviour the concept of OCB has gained significant amount of research. OCB is a vast dimension and has been studied widely in human resource management, marketing as well as economics (DAVOUDI, 2012). It must be seen that OCB contributes to the effectiveness of the organisation, thus this is widely researched in all the disciplines. According to Organ (1988), it was said that OCB changes the means by which a manager evaluates his employees. It is said that OCB is important for the survival as well as the welfare of the employees of organisation. The employees who show citizenship behaviours are more likely to get support from the organisation. It was said by Organ (1988) that conscientiousness, sportsmanship courtesy, altruism, and civic virtue are the five distinct categories of unrestricted behaviours which will improve the efficiency of the employees in the organisation (Dspace.bracu.ac.bd, 2015). Apart from this it was also seen in re searches that apart from the above mentioned criteria, there are certain other characteristics like the relationship of the employees with the leaders also plays an important role in the OCB. The motivational theories, personality, procedural justice and commitment are some of the predictors of OCB. Thus it can be said that the role behaviour which are seen in OCB cannot be measured formally. The dimensions of OCB It was said by McClelland (1961) that OCB is motive based behaviour. He said that every people are driven by motives, achievements and affiliation. These motives of achievements are the driving forces that push the people to perform beyond the standards of the excellence. They seek to accomplish the task in hand, takes up challenges and even competition (Yaghoubi, Mashinchi and Hadi, 2011). Moreover this motives forces the people towards restoring, establishing, and maintaining relationships with the other people. Since the term was introduced by Organ (1988), it was seen as a positive contributor to the colleagues and the organisation. Two types of citizenship behaviours subsist in the OCB they are: (1) active positive commissions or contributions (e.g., to help others) and (2) avoiding engagement in behaviours which causes harm to others or to ones organization (e.g., not abusing rights of others). Antecedents of OCB There are a wide ranges of task, employees and organisational as well as characteristics of leader that are used to predict the various types of OCB that are used in the occupation of the organisations (Bukhari, 2009). This segment considers the different organizational and individual variables that are commonly found which affects an employee's eagerness to connect in OCB. Organizational commitment and Job satisfaction The satisfaction that a person derives from a job is positively related to the performance of the job and OCB. These factors in turn also influence the turnover, psychological distress and the absenteeism of the employees. The employees who are more likely to be engaged with OCB are more satisfied with the job (Gong, Chang and Cheung, 2010). It is also to be seen that the employees who are more satisfied with the job has less tendency to search for another job. Apart from the job satisfaction the commitment to the job is also a antecedent of OCB. It is seen that the commitment to the job often enhances the performances which otherwise would not have been possible through the formal reward system. Role perceptions The perceptions of Role include perceiving the things such as role ambiguity and role conflict, both of these are found to have been notably negatively linked to OCB (Ibrahim and Aslinda, 2013). The clarity of the role and the facilitation of the role on the other hand are positively related to the OCB. Since both role conflict and role ambiguity affects satisfaction of the employees, and satisfaction that is associated to OCB, it is expected that at least a part of the connection between the conflict, ambiguity and OCB is sorted out by satisfaction. Behaviours of the leaders The leaders in the organisation have a strong influence on the willingness of the employees to engage in the OCB. It was seen that rather than the leadership style that has an influence on the employees, it was the behaviour of the leaders and the relationship of the employees with the leaders that are influential (Nahum-Shani and Somech, 2011). Another behaviour that is beneficial to the OCB and is related to it is the expression of the satisfaction and the appreciation. More over it is seen that the behaviours of the leaders such as the fairness and justices in the workplace also influence OCB. Individual dispositions The personality traits such as openness, introversion and extroversion do not influence OCB (Suresh and Venkatammal, 2010). OCB is influenced by the perception of the employees in the workplace rather than the individual traits of the employees. Personality is an significant measure in so as to manage for its persuasion on behaviour and to examine some moderating effects that it might have. Motivational theories It was proposed by Organ (1990) that the motives of the individual have the influence on OCB. Penner, et al. (1997) has investigated the impact that motivation and personality have on OCB (Ueda and Ohzono, 2013). It was said that the motivations of the employees adds to the antecedents of OCB. as the people progress in their career in the organisation, the motivational theories are less applicable as an antecedent of OCB. The age of the employee It must be noted that the younger and the older employees have different notions towards their job. It was seen that the younger employees are more flexible in coordinating the work with the needs of the organisation; where as the older employees are more rigid. These differences can direct to different significant motives for OCB among the younger or the older employees. References Alizadeh, Z., darvishi, S., Nazari, K. and Emami, M. (2012).Antecedents and Consequences of Organisational Citizenship Behaviour (OCB):. [online] INTERDISCIPLINARY JOURNAL OF CONTEMPORARY RESEARCH IN BUSINESS. Available at: https://www.journal-archieves14.webs.com/494-505.pdf [Accessed 19 Mar. 2015]. Bukhari, Z. (2009). Key Antecedents of Organizational Citizenship Behavior (OCB) in the Banking Sector of Pakistan.IJBM, 3(12). DAVOUDI, S. (2012).A COMPREHENSIVE STUDY OF ORGANIZATIONAL CITIZENSHIP BEHAVIOR (OCB): INTRODUCING THE TERM, CLARIFYING ITS CONSEQUENCES AND IDENTIFYING ITS ANTECEDENTS. [online] A Journal of Economics and Management. Available at: https://prj.co.in/setup/business/paper13.pdf [Accessed 19 Mar. 2015]. Dspace.bracu.ac.bd, (2015). [online] Available at: https://dspace.bracu.ac.bd/bitstream/handle/10361/517/Vol%201%20No%202.8.pdf?sequence=1 [Accessed 19 Mar. 2015]. Gong, Y., Chang, S. and Cheung, S. (2010). High performance work system and collective OCB: a collective social exchange perspective.Human Resource Management Journal, 20(2), pp.119-137. Ibrahim, M. and Aslinda, A. (2013). Relationship Between Organizational Commitment and Organisational Citizenship Behavior (OCB) At Goverment-Owned Corporation Companies.jpag, 3(3). Nahum-Shani, I. and Somech, A. (2011). Leadership, OCB and individual differences: Idiocentrism and allocentrism as moderators of the relationship between transformational and transactional leadership and OCB.The Leadership Quarterly, 22(2), pp.353-366. Suresh, S. and Venkatammal, P. (2010).Antecedents of Organizational Citizenship Behaviour. 1st ed. [ebook] Journal of the Indian Academy of Applied Psychology. Available at: https://medind.nic.in/jak/t10/i2/jakt10i2p276.pdf [Accessed 19 Mar. 2015]. Ueda, Y. and Ohzono, Y. (2013). Effects of Workers Careers and Family Situations on OCB-Related Work Values.IJBM, 8(10). Yaghoubi, E., Mashinchi, S. and Hadi, A. (2011). An Analysis of Correlation between Organizational Citizenship Behavior (OCB) and Emotional Intelligence (EI).Modern Applied Science, 5(2).

Biography of Artist Romare Bearden

Biography of Artist Romare Bearden   Overview Visual artists Romare Bearden portrayed African-American life and culture in various artistic mediums. Bearden’s work as a cartoonist, painter, and collage artist spanned the Great Depression and post-Civil Rights Movement. Following his death in 1988, The New York Times wrote in its obituary of Bearden that he was â€Å"one of America’s most pre-eminent artists† and â€Å"the nation’s foremost collagist.† Achievements Established the 306 Group, an organization for African-American artists in Harlem.Co-wrote the jazz classic, â€Å"Sea Breeze,† which was later recorded by Billy Eckstine and Dizzy Gillespie.Elected to the American Academy of Arts and Letters in 1966.Elected to the National Institute of Arts and Letters in 1972.Elected to the National Academy of Design as an associate member in 1978.Awarded the National Medal of Arts in 1987.Established the Bearden Foundation to provide support to young visual artists.Listed as one of Molefi Kete Asante’s 100 Greatest African Americans. Early Life and Education Romare Bearden was born on September 9, 1912 in Charlotte, N.C.   At an early age, Bearden’s family moved to Harlem. His mother, Bessye Bearden was the New York editor for the Chicago Defender. Her work as a social activist allowed Bearden to be exposed to artists of the Harlem Renaissance at an early age. Bearden studied art at New York University and as a student, he drew cartoons for the humor magazine, Medley. During this time, Bearden also freelanced with newspapers such as Baltimore Afro-American, Collier’s, and the Saturday Evening Post, publishing political cartoons and drawings. Bearden graduated from New York University in 1935. Life as an Artist Throuhgout Bearden’s career as an artist, he was heavily influenced by African-American life and culture as well as jazz music. Following his graduation from New York University, Bearden was attending the Art Students League and working with expressionist George Grosz. It was during this time that Bearden became an abstract collage artist and painter. Bearden’s early paintings often depicted African-American life in the South. His artistic style was influenced heavily by muralists such as Diego Rivera and Jose Clemente Orozco. By the 1960s, Bearden was innovative art works that incorporated acrylics, oils, tiles, and photographs. Bearden was heavily influenced by 20th century artistic movements such as cubism, social realism and abstraction. By the 1970s, Bearden continued to depict African-American life through the use of ceramic tilings, paintings and collage. For instance, in 1988, Bearden’s collage â€Å"Family,† inspired a larger artwork that was installed at the Joseph P. Addabbo Federal Building in New York City. Bearden was also heavily influenced by the Caribbean in his work. The lithograph â€Å"Pepper Jelly Lady,† portrays a woman selling pepper jelly in front of a wealthy estate. Documenting African-American Artistry In addition to his work as an artist, Bearden wrote several books on African-American visual artists. In 1972, Bearden coauthored â€Å"Six Black Masters of American Art† and â€Å"A History of African-American Artists: From 1792 to Present† with Harry Henderson. In 1981, he wrote â€Å"The Painter’s Mind† with Carl Holty. Personal Life and Death Bearden died on March 12, 1988 from complications from bone marrow. He was survived by his wife, Nanete Rohan. Legacy In 1990, Bearden’s widow established The Romare Bearden Foundation. The purpose was to preserve and perpetuate the legacy of this preeminent American artist.   In Bearden’s hometown, Charlotte, there is a street named in his honor along with a collage of glass tiles called â€Å"Before Dawn† at the local library and the Romare Bearden Park.

Why Mandarin Chinese is easier than you think

Why Mandarin Chinese is easier than you think Mandarin Chinese is often described as a difficult language, sometimes one of the most difficult ones. This is not hard to understand. There are thousands of characters and strange tones! It must surely be impossible to learn for an adult foreigner! You can learn Mandarin ChineseThats nonsense of course. Naturally, if youre aiming for a very high level, it will take time, but I have met many learners who have studied for just a few months (albeit very diligently), and have been able to converse rather freely in Mandarin after that time. Continue such a project for a year and you will probably reach what most people would call fluent. So definitely not impossible. How difficult a language is depends on many things, but your attitude is certainly one of them and its also the easiest one to influence. You stand little chance of changing the Chinese writing system, but you can change your attitude towards it. In this article, Im going to show you certain aspects of the Chinese language and explain why they make learning a lot easier than you might think. How difficult is it to learn Mandarin Chinese? Of course, there are also things that make learning Chinese harder than you think (or perhaps as hard), sometimes even the same things from different angles or on different proficiency levels. That, however, is not the focus of this article. This article focuses on the easy things and is meant to encourage you. For a more pessimistic outlook, Ive written a twin article with the title: Why Mandarin Chinese is harder than you think. If you already study Chinese and want to know why its not always easy, perhaps that article will provide some insights, but below, I will focus on the easy things. Difficult or easy for whom? With what goal? Before we talk about specific factors that make learning Mandarin easier than you might think, Im going to make some assumptions. You are a native speaker of English or some other non-tonal language not related to Chinese at all (which would be most languages in the west). You might not have learnt any other foreign language, or perhaps youve studied one in school.   If your native language is related to Chinese or is influenced by it (such as Japanese, which largely uses the same characters), learning Chinese will become even easier, but what I say below will be true in any case. Coming from other tonal languages makes it easier to understand what tones are, but its not always easier to learn them in Mandarin (different tones). I discuss the downsides of learning a language completely unrelated to your native language in the other article. Furthermore,  Im talking about aiming for a basic level of conversational fluency where you can talk about everyday topics youre familiar with and understand what people say about these things if targeted at you. Approaching advanced or even near-native levels requires a whole new level of commitment and other factors play a bigger role. Including the written language also adds another dimension. Why Mandarin Chinese is easier than you think Without further ado, lets get into the list: No verb conjugations - Partly because of bad teaching practice, many people associate second language learning with endless verb conjugations. When you learn Spanish or French and care about being accurate, you need to remember how the verb changes with the subject. We have this in English too, but its much easier. We doesnt say we has. In Chinese, there are no verb inflections at all. There are some particles that change the function of verbs, but there are certainly no long lists of verb forms you need to memorise. If you know how to say çÅ"‹ (kn) look, you can use it for any person referring to any period of time and it will still look the same. Easy! No grammatical cases - In English, we make a difference between how pronouns are handled depending on if they are the subject or the object of a sentence. We say he talks to her; him talks to she is wrong. In some other languages, you need to keep track of different objects and sometimes also not only for pronouns, but for nouns as well. None of that in Chinese! 我 (wÇ’) I, me is used in any situation referring to myself in any way. The only exception would be plural we, which has an extra suffix. Easy!   Flexible parts of speech - When learning most languages other than Chinese, you need to remember different forms of the words depending on what part of speech they belong to. For example, in English we say ice (noun), icy (adjective) and to ice (over)/freeze (verb). These look different. In Chinese, though, these could all be represented by one single verb å† ° (bÄ «ng), which incorporates the meaning of all three. You dont know which one it is unless you know the context. This means that speaking and writing becomes much easier since you dont need to remember so many different forms. Easy! No gender - When you learn French, you need to remember if each noun is meant to be le or la; when learning German, you have der, die and das. Chinese has no (grammatical) gender. In spoken Mandarin, you dont even need to make a difference between he, she and it because they are all pronounced the same.  Easy!  Relatively easy word order -  Word order in Chinese can be very tricky, but this mostly becomes apparent at more advanced levels. As a beginner, there are a few patterns you need to learn, and once youve done that, you can just fill in the words youve learnt and people will be able to understand. Even if you mix things up, people will usually still understand, provided that the message you want to convey is relatively simple. It helps that the basic word order is the same as in English, i.e. Subject-Verb-Object (I love you). Easy! Logical number system - Some languages have really bizarre ways of counting. In French, 99 is said as 4 20 19, in Danish 70 is half fourth, but 90 is half fifth. Chinese is really simple. 11 is 10 1, 250 is 2 100 5 10 and 9490 is 9 1000 400 9 10. Numbers do get a little bit harder above that because a new word is used for every four zeroes, not every three as in English, but its still not hard to learn to count. Easy!Logic character and word creation - When you learn words in European languages, you can sometimes see the word roots if youre good at Greek or Latin, but if you take a random sentence (such as this one), you cant really expect to understand how each word is constructed. In Chinese, you actually can do that. This has some significant advantages. Lets look at a few examples of advanced vocabulary that are really easy to learn in Chinese but very hard in English. Leukemia in Chinese is è ¡â‚¬Ã§â„¢Å' blood cancer. Affricate is Ã¥ ¡Å¾Ã¦â€œ ¦Ã©Å¸ ³ stop friction sound (this r efers to sounds like ch in church, which has a stop (a t sound), then friction (the sh sound)). If you didnt know what these words meant in English, you probably do now after looking at a literal translation of the Chinese words! These are not exceptions in Chinese, this is the norm. Easy! These are just some of the more obvious reasons that reaching a basic level in Chinese is not as difficult as you think. Another reason is that Chinese is much more hackable than any other language Ive learnt. The difficult parts are easier to hack What do I mean by this? Hacking in this case means understanding how the language works and using that knowledge to create smart ways of learning (this is what my website Hacking Chinese is about). This is especially true for the writing system. If you approach learning Chinese characters like you would learning words in French, the task is daunting. Sure, French words do have prefixes, suffixes and so on and if your Latin and Greek are up to par, you might be able to use this knowledge to your advantage and be able to understand how modern words are created. For the average learner, however, thats not possible. Its also the case that many words in French (or English or many other modern languages) cant be broken down or understood without doing serious research into etymology first. You can of course break them down yourself in ways that make sense to you. In Chinese, however, you dont need to do that! The reason is that one Chinese syllable corresponds to one Chinese character. That gives very little room for change, meaning that while words in English can gradually lose their spelling and morph over the centuries, Chinese characters are much more permanent. They do of course change, but not that much. It also means that the parts that make up the characters are in most cases still present and can be understood on their own, thus making understanding a lot easier. What all this boils down to is that learning Chinese neednt be all that hard. Yes, reaching an advanced level takes a lot of time and effort, but getting to basic conversational fluency is within reach for all those who really want it. Will it take longer than reaching the same level in Spanish? Probably, but not that much if we only talk about the spoken language. Conclusion This article was meant to convince you that you can learn Chinese. Of course, an article like this also has its dark twin, why learning Chinese is actually very hard, especially if you go beyond just basic oral communication. If youre a beginner, you dont really need such an article, but if youve already come a long way and want some sympathy, make sure you read on:Why Mandarin Chinese is harder than you think

China and Monetary Policy Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 10000 words

China and Monetary Policy - Coursework Example Foreign projects in manufacturing sectors were only concentrated in labor-intensive sectors, such as food, electronics, construction materials, textiles and toys. In the late 1980s, foreign manufacturing investment accounted for more than 70 percent of the total FDI flowing into China; investment continued to increase rapidly, reaching more than 80 percent around 1990 (NBS, 1991). With increasing experience in the Chinese market, and accumulated knowledge about China's industrial structure, foreign firms extended their business scope into physical infrastructure facilities, including construction, energy, transportation and capital-intensive and technology-intensive machinery and equipment. Such investments involved more technological inputs, higher start-up costs, and larger financial commitments and, therefore, foreign firms faced greater risks. With China's accession to the WTO, other sectors, especially services, have become popular to foreign investors. In China, FDI is highly agglomerated. It favors cities where targeted industries are fairly developed (Belderbos and Carree, 2002). Marshall (1898) proposes that the pool of specialized skilled labor, trade of intermediate inputs, and spillovers were driving forces of industrial agglomeration. Porter (2000) argues that industrial clusters increase the productivity of constituent firms, upgrade the capacity of cluster participants for innovation and productivity growth, and stimulate new business formation. Because of the lack of local knowledge, foreign investors encountered so-called "disadvantage of an alien status" in China. Industrial clusters have helped foreign investors to attenuate these disadvantages (He, 2002, pp.1030). Therefore, foreign investors like to select geographically agglomerated industries with strong localized business linkages. Traditional FDI theories (Hymer, 1976; Kojima, 1978; Dunning, 1980) suggest that industrial distribution of foreign investment depend s on comparative advantages in host economies and the ownership-specific advantages that multinational corporations (MNCs) hold. Dunning (2000) argues that factors influencing MNC industrial choices have gone beyond the natural endowments in the era of globalization, and that benefits from industrial agglomeration are playing an increasingly important role. Therefore, industrial distribution of FDI in host economies might be influenced by industry-specific external economies, which arise from geographical proximity of related firms and localized business linkages. There is some published literature concerning industrial patterns of FDI in host economies. Caves (1974), for instance, considers foreign firms' shares in Canadian and UK manufacturing industries in the 1960s and emphasizes the importance of intangible capital, advantages accruing from the operation of multiplant enterprises and the strength of entrepreneurial resources. Ratnayake (1993) concludes that foreign ownership of industry tends to be higher in skill-intensive and technology-intensive industries and those in industries enjoying high-level protection in Australia. Aswicahyono and Hill (1994) examine determinants of foreign investment shares in the Indonesian manufacturing sector and find product differentiation, technological capacity, skill intensity, absolute capital

Tribalism and the Nation in the African Continent Essay

Tribalism and the Nation in the African Continent - Essay Example This often accompanies accusations of primitiveness that are leveled against institutions that have their origin in tribal collectives. Tribalism in its jingoistic form is harmful for the unity of a nation and its overall development. This paper shall argue against tribalism and the effects that it has upon the modern state. It shall not however, argue for the modern state in its present form which is a creation of European culture and has been imposed on the African cultures that they once had colonized. One of the main reasons as to why certain states are unable to achieve a certain kind of unity is the persistence of tribalism. This tribalism then leads to the establishment of the tyranny of a certain tribe over the other despite the existence of democratic procedures that are established with the intention of ensuring the equal distribution of power (Jason). Over the past few decades, one has witnessed an alarming rise in the number of governments that are dictatorships in Africa. This has a lot to do with tribalism as it actively promotes tribal loyalties during elections and this then takes precedence over issues of development. This then results in most parties feeling a certain kind of disillusionment regarding the very process of elections, something that would then further tip the balance of power in favor of the ruling tribes. Tribalism thus represents a conglomeration of forces that seek to topple the forces of democracy that seek to provide for a country certain forms of development. Such incidents have happened as late as in 2008 during the Kenyan elections. Such incidents are often violent and further mar the social fabric of the nation (Africa: Talking about "Tribe"). They then cause great economic and social damage that needs to be rectified through great efforts on the part of the state. This then sets the process of development back by many years. This backward step is then taken not just at the level of the economy but also at the level of the social relations that exist between the different tribes living within the same country. Writers like Ngugi wa Thiongo identify tribalism as the problem that plagues Africa. He advocates the establishment of a single collective that would then have a more or less homogenous identity. This identity would be created following an elaborate process of decolonization that would result in the establishment of a more authentic identity (Thiongo). Even within such a framework, development is envisaged in a rath er Western framework. This is not to say that there is no African framework of development but to demonstrate the woeful lack of research in this area. If one is to posit arguments against such a thesis of nationalism against tribalism. Writers like Sabelo J. Ndlovu-Gatsheni attempt to complicate the problem by introducing pre-colonial and colonial perspectives that then serve to absolve tribalism of the guilt that it would have to shoulder as far as the lack of development is concerned. Ndlovu-Gatsheni looks at the different factors that affect development in areas that are affected by tribalism and ascribes the underdeveloped states of these areas as products of history (167-9). Such analyses fail to locate the root of the problem and consequently only manage to create a sense of the inevitable as far as the existence of the problem is concerned. The historical angle of the problem, while it needs to be argued, also needs to be looked upon as something that leads to a solution and not just presenting an analysis of the situation as it arrived. It is

Patient Satisfaction with Public Healthcare | Literature

Patient Satisfaction with Public Healthcare | Literature Literature Review: Alian A. Alrasheedy, Mohammed Azmi Hassali, et al., published a research study in Australasian Medical Journal, 2014 entitled as â€Å"Assessment of general public satisfaction with public healthcare services in Kedah, Malaysia†. They conducted a cross-sectional study to assess patients’ level of satisfaction with public healthcare services and to determine the factors that may affect patient satisfaction among convenience sample of general public. They developed a questionnaire which consists of five sections including demographic data, patients’ perceptions of their relationship and interaction with healthcare professionals in the public healthcare sector, patient perception of skills of healthcare professionals, patients’ assessment of the amenities, accessibility to and facilities available in the public healthcare sector and general satisfaction of patients with public healthcare services. To perform the statistics they used chi-square test and for it ems expected to have lower frequency, Fisher’s exact test was used. The findings showed that almost half of the participants were satisfied with current health care services in public hospitals and clinic. It shows a significant association between satisfaction and some participants’ characteristics such as age, gender, waiting time. Other factors influencing satisfaction level includes the length of consultations and process of patient registration. The limitation of the study is that illiterate people were not included in this study as it is a self-administered questionnaire. It concludes that improving the health services which leads to shorter waiting time may increase the patients’ satisfaction level. Krupal Joshi, Kishor Sochaliya, et al., performed a cross-sectioanl study to identify the factors that affect patient satisfaction regarding health care services. The study was entitled as â€Å"Patient satisfaction About Health Care Services: A Cross Sectional Study of Patients Who Visited the Outpatient Department of a Civil Hospital at Surendranagar, Gujarat† which was published in International Journal of Medical Science and Public Health, 2013. The patient were interviewed using pre-structured questionnaires which can be replied in choices like satisfactory/unsatisfactory, yes/no, good/moderate/poor, adequate/inadequate. The study revealed that overall the patient satisfaction was good regarding the quality of the services provided by the hospital. But revealed mild to moderate satisfaction regarding waiting time and specialist availability. Patient satisfaction was considered to be important in both evaluation and shaping of health care. Mansour Alturki, Tahir M.Khan published a study entitled â€Å"A study investigating the level of satisfaction with the health services provided by the pharmacist at ENT hospital, Eastern Region Alahsah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia† in Saudi Pharmaceutical Journal,2013. They conducted a cross sectional study to evaluate the satisfaction of the patients related to pharmacy services provided to the patients at the hospital pharmacy. A self-administered 15-item questionnaire was used in the study which comprises of three sections which considered patient demographic data, information about health status of respondents, pharmacist-patient interaction level. The results were analyzed using independent sample t-test and one-way ANOVA. This study shows that the patient were majorly satisfied about the availability of the pharmacist and the explanations/clear labeling of drugs, politeness and prompt services of the pharmacist. The elderly patients were highly satisfied with the services p rovided by the pharmacy than the other age groups. But overall the satisfaction levels of the Saudi patients were least than that of the Egyptian and others and it may associate with the demographic features such as age, sex, and level of the education. Sumeet Singh, Paramjeet kaur, et al., conducted a study entitled â€Å"Patient satisfaction levels in a tertiary care medical college hospital in Punjab, North India.† It has been published in International Journal of Research and Development of Health, 2013. The study was aimed to assess the patients’ satisfaction regarding care provided in the hospital, behaviour of medical, nursing and supportive staff and availability of necessary services and amenities in the hospital. A cross-sectional study based on a pre-designed and pre-tested Indoor Patient Feedback Form was done. This study shows that most of the patients were more satisfied with the behaviour of doctors. The major problem was found to be in identifying the location of various areas mainly labs in the hospital. Satisfaction regarding the service and the behaviour of the paramedical staff was found to be high. This study shows that assessing patient satisfaction is simple, easy and cost effective for evaluatio n of hospital services. Afolabi MO, Afolabi ERI, et al., published a study in African Health sciences, 2012, entitled as â€Å"Construct validation of an instrument to measure patient satisfaction with pharmacy services in Nigerian hospitals†. The study aimed to develop a questionnaire used to assess the quality of the pharmacy services provided by the hospitals and to define the scale construct validity with an opinion to identify the factors that affect the target users. First they developed a 35-item Patient Satisfaction Survey questionnaire and then based on the pilot study conducted to assess the internal consistency reliability there was a reduction of items on the scale to 25 items. They used Cronbach coefficient Alpha, Spermann Brown’s and Guttmann’s coefficients to determine the reliability of the scale and Scree plot was also carried out for the final 25-item scale. The reliability coefficients attained for the instrument by means of various methods were comparable and statist ically significant. The final scale which consists of 25 items showed stable and significant correlation coefficients and produced six consequent dimensions of patient satisfaction which includes attitude of pharmacy personnel, accessibility and convenience of pharmacy location, quality and cost of the drugs, conducive physical environment, and availability of prescribed drugs and timeliness of service delivery. This study established a scale to evaluate satisfaction of the patients regarding pharmaceutical services. Amany M. Abdelhafez, Lina Al Qurashi et al., published a study in American Journal of Medicine and Medical Sciences, 2012, entitled â€Å"Analysis of factors affecting the satisfaction levels of patients toward food services at general hospitals in Makkah, Saudi Arabia†. This study aims to determine the factors that the satisfaction levels of the patient with the food services in a sample of general hospitals. They performed a cross-sectional study using an interview questionnaire. Spearman correlation was used to identify the relationship between the various aspects of food and food services and the overall satisfaction. In this study the temperature of the food was one of the determinants of overall dissatisfaction. Overall satisfaction levels can be increased by increasing the quality of food and hospital food services. As hospital malnutrition is a main problem, so hospital services should be considered as an important part of the patient treatment plan and hence it is imp ortant to evaluate patient views to make sure that the expectations of the patients regarding the food services were achieved. M V Kulkarni, S Dasgupta, et al., had done a study entitled â€Å"Study of Satisfaction of Patients Admitted in a Tertiary Care Hospital in Nagpur† which was published in National Journal of Community Medicine, 2011. It states that patient satisfaction is one of the important tools to measure the success of the services provided in the hospital. They performed a hospital based cross sectional study to evaluate the satisfaction of the patients admitted in the hospital regarding behaviour of the medical, nursing, and supportive staff, and other services provided in the hospital. They used a pre-designed and pre-tested â€Å"Indoor Patient Feedback Form† which was filled up by the patient through an interview on the day of the discharge. They analyzed the data using Epi-Info statistical software by calculating chi-square test and proportions. Their study reveals that the most of the patients were satisfied with the provided hospital services, behaviour of the doctors but s howed dissatisfaction towards the cleanliness in the toilets, quality of the food. Leticia R. Moczygemba, Jamie C. Barner, et al., published a study entitled â€Å"Patient satisfaction with a pharmacist-provided telephone medication therapy management program† in Research in Social and administrative pharmacy, 2010. They conducted a non-experimental and cross sectional survey to measure the patient satisfaction with pharmacist-provided telephone MTM program. They mailed the questionnaire developed to measure the patient satisfaction on MTM program. Descriptive statistics have been used to calculate the patients’ responses. The study revealed that the patient were pleased about the services provided by the pharmacist during MTM consultation. And also the patients are willing for face-face to consultation to learn more about their medications. From this study it is proved that for some patients MTM program can be carried out in telephone without compromising patient satisfaction. Mehrnoosh Akhtari-Zavare, Mohd Yunus Abdullah, et al., performed a study entitled â€Å"Patient Satisfaction: Evaluating Nursing Care for Patients Hospitalized with Cancer in Tehran Teaching Hospitals, Iran† in Global Journal of Health Science, 2010. The study was aimed to assess the relationship between cancer patients’ satisfaction and the nursing care in order to assist nurses in defining more clearly their roles. They performed a cross-sectional study in which a proportional stratified sampling method was used to collect the data from face-to-face interviews based on validated Patient Satisfaction Questionnaire. In this study, they conducted binary logistic regression to predict factors that influence the satisfaction level. It was seen that patients receiving chemotherapy were more satisfied with the nursing care than patients receiving other type of treatment such as radiotherapy, surgical etc. Though the study found that most of the patients were satisfied with t he nursing care, they suggested some improvements regarding interpersonal relationship which may improve patient satisfaction. Z Iliyasu, IS Abubakar, et al., published a study entitled â€Å"Patients’ satisfaction with services obtained from Aminu Kano teaching hospital, Kano, Northern Nigeria† in Nigerian Journal of Clinical Practice, 2010. Their study aimed to evaluate the patient satisfaction and their relatives with the hospital services. They considered satisfaction was from the perspectives such as ease with which patients’ accessed care, time of waiting, patient-health care provider relationship, payment and facilities provided by the hospital. The data was collected by a cross-sectional survey based on structured questionnaires which were distributed to the patients and focus group discussions with the patient relatives. The results shown that most of the patients were satisfied about the accessed care, patient provider relationship, inpatient services and the hospital facilities. And the patients were asked for the complaints which were mostly related to the waiting time and th e payment cost. In focus group discussions most of the patients relatives complained about the missing of laboratory data and delay in the laboratory data. Overall the satisfaction of the patients and patient relatives showed a high satisfaction level with the tertiary care services. Ranjeeta Kumari, MZ Tdris, et al., published a study entitled â€Å"Study on Patient Satisfaction in the Government Allopathic Health Facilities of Lucknow District, India† in Indian Journal of Community Medicine, 2009. They performed a cross-sectional survey to detect the areas and reasons of low satisfaction among the patient and to suggest methods for improvement. By using a multi-stage stratified random sampling technique three representative hospitals (Tertiary level hospital, Secondary level hospital and a primary level hospital). A quantitative structured interview schedule was used to record information from the patients attending the health care facilities. Data was analyzed using Epi-info software (version 6). From the results it was seen that the most important factor for them to visit the secondary and tertiary level of health facilities was the trust on doctors or health facility, availability of the specialists whereas the closeness of the health facility to thei r homes, belief on doctors or health facility and cost-effectiveness were crucial at the primary level. They concluded that, there is a need to communicate effectively with patients about their disease and treatment and to clarity their doubts and fears to achieve good standards of health. Juan Francisco Marquez-Peiro, Carmen Perez-Peiro published a study entitled â€Å"Evaluation of Patient Satisfaction in Outpatient Pharmacy† in Farm Hosp in 2008. The main objective of this study is to identify the satisfaction and dissatisfaction levels among patients receiving care from the Outpatient pharmacy. Dissatisfaction has been defined as the lack of correspondence between the patient expectations and their final perception of the healthcare service provided. They conducted a cross-sectional study to establish patient satisfaction levels by using a valid questionnaire and patient dissatisfaction were established from the complaints made by the patients attending the outpatient pharmacy. The reasons for complaint were grouped based on the classification system created by Pichert et al and also on the items described in the patient satisfaction survey. Patient satisfaction was evaluated with the help of a patient satisfaction indicator Satisfaction index recognized by the Regional Ministry of Health for the Autonomous Community of Valencia. The results show the high patient satisfaction index with the services provided by the outpatient hospital pharmacy department. The aspects scoring least points in patient satisfaction were mainly dispensing area (waiting room and access to the OP) and the dispensing process (waiting time and the consultation hours) which were also the main reasons for dissatisfaction. Pharmacist’s technical expertise and professional attitude are the most valued aspect in the patient satisfaction survey. Pharmacist’s professional competence and the pharmacist-patient relationship were the reasons for complaints made by the patients to the Patient Service Department of the hospital. The features that require improvement are area and process at the dispensing and the increased structural and human resources required. They concluded that, although the satisfaction index high and is useful for identifying what impro vements are needed, it is also important to identify the reasons for dissatisfaction to complement this information. Maria Luz Traverso, Mercedes Salamano, et al., published a study in the journal International Journal for Quality in Health Care, 2007, entitled â€Å"Questionnaire to assess patient satisfaction with pharmaceutical care in Spanish language†. The main objective of their study was to design and validate a questionnaire in Spanish language, to assess patient satisfaction with pharmaceutical care provided by the community pharmacies. A questionnaire of 27 items, with randomly assigned order consisting give dimensions which includes general satisfaction, explanation, managing therapy, consideration and setting was designed. The reliability of the instrument’s scale was assessed with Cronbach’s alpha and to determine the questionnaire construct validity, Mann-Whitney test was applied to compare the data form two groups of pharmacies. Although overall results of the construct validity test did not presented significant changes among the two groups of pharmacies in whic h one group provides pharmaceutical care and other group do not provide pharmaceutical care, but 23 items presented significant variances among the two groups of pharmacies. The results suggest that the developed questionnaire was found to be a reliable and valid instrument in Spanish to evaluate patient satisfaction related to pharmaceutical care in community pharmacies. R.K.Sharma, conducted a study to identify the patient satisfaction level in both out-patients and in-patients entitled â€Å"Patient satisfaction- A case study of zonal hospital† which was published in Nursing and Midwifery Research Journal, 2005. They assessed the patient satisfaction in terms of services and amenities. In this study it was observed that most of the indoor and outdoor patients were dissatisfied with most of the amenities. Most of the patients were satisfied with the behaviour and attention given by the doctors but were not satisfied with the behaviour of paramedical staff and other employees of the hospital. And most of the patients were not dissatisfied with the availability of the medicines in time. It concludes that frequent patient satisfaction surveys are essential to make necessary improvements on basis of opinions and suggestions given by patients. C Jenkinson, A coulter, et al., performed a study entitled â€Å"Patients’ experiences and satisfaction with health care: results of a questionnaire study of specific aspects of care† which was published in Quality and Safety in Health Care, 2002. The purpose of their study was to determine what aspects of health care provision are most likely to influence the satisfaction with care and willingness of the patient to recommend hospital services to others and also to determine the extent to which satisfaction is a significant indicator of patients’ experience of healthcare services. They had done a postal survey in which the questionnaires based on picker survey of patient experiences questionnaire was used. From the descriptive statistics it is evident that there is an association between the level of satisfaction and the number of item completed in the questionnaire. The study states that patient satisfaction scores and the related issues of willingness to recomm end a hospital to others present a limited and optimistic picture. It also suggests that detailed questions about specific aspects of patients’ experience are more beneficial for observing the performance of different departments of the hospitals and which helps in improving the health care delivery. Differences Between Leadership and Management | Tesco Differences Between Leadership and Management | Tesco Management is a function that must be exercised in any business (Maccoby, 2000, pp57-59) management is a process of planning, organising, commanding, coordinating, and controlling and it is a systematic way of doing things. According to Mullins (2010, p429) Fayol describes these elements as: Planning examining the future, deciding what needs to be achieved and developing a plan of action. Organising providing the material and human resources and building the structure to carry out the activities of the organisation. Command maintaining activity among personnel, getting the optimum return from all employees in the interest of the whole organisation. Co-ordination unifying and harmonising all activities and effort of the organisation to facilitate its working and success. Control verifying that everything occurs in accordance with plans, instructions, established principles and expressed command. Leadership is an attempt to influence group or individuals (Russell C, Richard J, 2002, p406) he further explains that leadership gets organizations and people to change. Leadership is communicating to people their worth and potential so clearly that they are inspired to see it in themselves. Differences between Leadership and Management Mullins demonstrated the differences of leadership and management. Managers tend to adopt impersonal or passives attitudes towards goal. Leaders adopt a more personal and active attitude towards goals. In order to get people to accept solutions, the managers needs continually to co-ordinate and balance in order to compromise conflicting values. The leaders create excitement in work and develop choices that give substance to images that excite people. In their relationship with other people, managers maintain a low level of emotional involvement. Leaders have empathy with other people and give attention to what events and actions mean. (2010, p374) Leadership differs from management in a sense that: Management includes focus on function, authority relationship and creates stability. However, for a business to excel leadership is vital, because leaders motivate, secure commitment and inspire people. Relationship between Management and Leadership Leadership and management are the terms that are often considered synonymous. Leadership is defined as the potential to influence and drive the group efforts towards the accomplishment of goals. This influence may originate from formal sources, such as that provided by acquisition of managerial position in an organization. According to Mullins (2010, p374) Despite a continuing debate on differences between management and leadership, there is a close relationship between them and it is not easy to separate them as distinct activities. He further describes management and leadership, they overlap and you need both qualities. Increasingly, management and leadership are being seen as inextricably linked. It is one thing for a leader to propound a grand vision, but this is redundant unless the vision is managed so it becomes real achievement. A manager must have traits of a leader. Leaders develop strategies that build and sustain competitive advantage. Organizations require strong leadership and strong management for optimal organizational efficiency. Both managers and leaders aim to achieve goals, mobilize and utilize resource. Section 2 Managers have to perform many roles in an organization, how they handle various situations will depend on their style of management. According to Mullins (2010, p381), there are many dimensions to describe leadership style and he simplified three fold heading; The authoritarian (autocratic) Style: The manager alone exercises decision making and authority for determining policy, procedures for achieving goals, work tasks and relationships, control of rewards or punishments. The democratic Style: The leadership functions are shared with members of the group and the manager is more part of team. The group members have a greater say in decision making, determination of policy, implementation of systems and procedures. A laissez faire (genuine) style: The manager consciously makes a decision to pass the focus of power to members, to allow them freedom of action to do as they think best, and not to interfere; but is readily available if help needed. There is an often confusion over this style of leadership behavior. The word genuine is emphasized because this is to be contrasted with the manager who could not care, who deliberately keeps away from the trouble spots and does not want to get involved. From my own experience of working in ABA Beverages, management decided to implement HACCP using autocratic style of leadership style. This decision of quality control was taken to attract new customers and satisfy existing customers. According to Wikipedia (ONLINE: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hazard_analysis_and_critical_control_points) HACCP (Hazard analysis and critical control points), is a systematic preventive approach to food safety and pharmaceutical safety that identifies physical, allergenic, chemical, and biological hazards in production processes that can cause the finished product to be unsafe, and designs measurements to reduce these risks to a safe level. In this manner, HACCP is referred as the prevention of hazards rather than finished product inspection. A key role of the quality manager in the company is to maintain the food safety. He has vital responsibilities and challenges to achieve HACCP. In order to achieve HACCP, he uses autocratic style of leadership. This autocratic style was necessary because it is a matter of food safety. Employers view this safety principal as a critical, therefore use autocratic style. Employees must comply with instructions at all times. The positive impacts food safety is met, objective of customer satisfaction met. If they do not use autocratic style, quality would be compromised and customers would not be satisfied. Sri Lanka Red Cross Society SLRCS (Sri Lanka Red Cross Society) (ONLINE: http://beta.redcross.lk/vision-mission.asp) has operated since 1936. The SLRCS covers all 25 administrative districts of the Sri Lanka and the total membership 100,000.The total number of active volunteers 6,500. From my own experience of working in SLRCS, during the war in 2007 in Sri Lanka, it was involved to help victims who affected by war. They have divide teams and work under a coordinator. The coordinator gives freedom to the team leader to take appropriate actions within agreed boundaries (within set time limit and safety clearance). For example teams have to reach the camp and distribute all foods to beneficiaries. In case any problem arises team leaders have to make the decision. At this point Laissez Faire style help to achieve the scope of the organization. Here, team leader is trusted to make decision by the coordinator follows laissez faire style. On the other hand, when the team is in dangerous war zone, for the safety of team members team leader follows an autocratic style of leadership. For example if the supply not distributed on the agreed time limit or if the situation becomes dangerous, team leader take own decision either stay or leave for the camp and team members fol low his autocratic style of leadership. Tesco Tesco is a British multinational grocery and general merchandise retailer in United Kingdom. One of the business objectives of Tesco is customer satisfaction. Tesco is a customer-orientated business. It aims to offer products that provide value for money for its customers and to deliver high quality service. Tesco wants to attract new customers, but it also wants to keep its existing customers happy. To keep at the top of its game and to maintain its number one spot in the market, the company needs skilled staff at all levels and in all roles. The style of leadership can vary depending on the task. Some managers allow teams to take charge of their own decision-making for many tasks. Team leaders will set the objectives but empower team members to decide how these objectives are achieved. This has several advantages. It helps to motivate individuals in the team and it draws on the expertise of the members of the team. Berian manages a team of 17 in a Tesco in-store bakery. One of the key challenges of Berians job is to ensure his team produces the right products to meet demand at key times. His usual management approach is to allow the team to take responsibility for achieving the desired result. In this way, the team not only buys into the activity, but also develops new skills. For example, when the bakery expanded its product range and Berian needed to ensure that all the products would be on the shelves by 8.00 am, rather than enforce a solution, he turned to the team for ideas. The team solved the problem by agreeing to split break times so that productivity could be maintained. Berians approach produced a positive outcome and increased team motivation. (ONLINE: http://businesscasestudies.co.uk/tesco/developing-appropriate-leadership-styles/management-and-leadership.html#axzz2DWoXdm7O) Berian uses democratic style of leadership to achieve the target. This style encourages ideas, feedback, suggestion and team sprit from all team members. Words 525/ 1480

Review of the on stage performance Of The Lion King Essay -- Drama

Review of the on stage performance Of The Lion King Drama In 1999, a spectacle hit the west-end after it roared through Broadway in the USA, and a few weeks ago I went to see it at the Lyceum Theatre. Disney's award winning animation, The Lion King, was brought to life in musical fashion by director Julie Taymor. It was seen with its story line intact, but as a completely original and sophisticated piece of theatrical art. With over 40 actors, singers and dancers giving a stunning performance of puppetry, song, dance, fairytale and even humour. The story concerns young lion prince Simba, whose birth has pushed his evil uncle (Scar) back to second in line to the throne. Scar plots to kill both Simba and his father, King Mufasa, and steel the throne for himself. Simba survives and is left to believe his father's death was his fault, and so leaves the kingdom. He comes across a warthog and meercat called Pumbaa and Timon who look after him. Throughout the play this duo add many humorous moments that stick with the audience. He grows fully and is left with the decision whether to return to his rapidly crumbling kingdom at the hands of Scar. He faces Scar in a great and emotional finale. There is a very enchanting performance from Josette Bushell-Mingo as Rafiki, who takes on the wise old baboon of the play and acts as the plays narrator. Also, a convincing part by Cornell John as Mufasa and the young Simba is played impressively by a naturally cheek... Review of the on stage performance Of The Lion King Essay -- Drama Review of the on stage performance Of The Lion King Drama In 1999, a spectacle hit the west-end after it roared through Broadway in the USA, and a few weeks ago I went to see it at the Lyceum Theatre. Disney's award winning animation, The Lion King, was brought to life in musical fashion by director Julie Taymor. It was seen with its story line intact, but as a completely original and sophisticated piece of theatrical art. With over 40 actors, singers and dancers giving a stunning performance of puppetry, song, dance, fairytale and even humour. The story concerns young lion prince Simba, whose birth has pushed his evil uncle (Scar) back to second in line to the throne. Scar plots to kill both Simba and his father, King Mufasa, and steel the throne for himself. Simba survives and is left to believe his father's death was his fault, and so leaves the kingdom. He comes across a warthog and meercat called Pumbaa and Timon who look after him. Throughout the play this duo add many humorous moments that stick with the audience. He grows fully and is left with the decision whether to return to his rapidly crumbling kingdom at the hands of Scar. He faces Scar in a great and emotional finale. There is a very enchanting performance from Josette Bushell-Mingo as Rafiki, who takes on the wise old baboon of the play and acts as the plays narrator. Also, a convincing part by Cornell John as Mufasa and the young Simba is played impressively by a naturally cheek...

Argumentative Essay about College Experience

Hey Ben! I was talking with Sean yesterday when he told me the news, you're planning to delay college. This came as a shock to me when I heard it. By not attending college, you may get a year's rest and a chance to think your decisions through, but if you ever do decide to attend college, you will miss out on a lot of opportunities as well. I think you should consider going to college rather than driving the open road after High The information you've learned in High School will be more fresh in your mind now than 1 year from now. You have passed 12 years of schooling, yet now you believe it is time to rest and see other places and people for a year or more before attempting college. College adds 4 more years of intense work, yet knowledge learned within High School can make learning new material easier for you. Other people often find themselves getting sidetracked once they put off the option to attend college, that can only hinder your ability to eventually become a college graduate. College can be a fun experience if shared with friends and people of similar age. By aiting an extra year or two, you will find it more uncomfortable within your classes. The entire college experience involves parties, football games, and drinking beer with your buddies as well as an education. As you get into the entire experience and enjoy college, you will understand and appreciate what a college offers. The ideal time for college is now more than ever as you also have scholarships and your parents to help with the expensive money arrangement which is needed. Parents can be a great help in paying for your college, and may be willing to pay much more mmediately after graduation from High School, than paying 2 years afterwards. Scholarships are always helpful to students, paying for a little bit of an expensive college. Although, to use the scholarship, you must go immediately to college. A College education right now is a lot more beneficial to you and your future than you may realize. It can lead to earlier jobs with increased salaries, better college experience, and scholarships to help pay for it all. I hope the arguments I mentioned above help you to see the other side of this situation and choose appropriately. Argumentative Essay about College Experience Hey Ben! I was talking with Sean yesterday when he told me the news, you're planning to delay college. This came as a shock to me when I heard it. By not attending college, you may get a year's rest and a chance to think your decisions through, but if you ever do decide to attend college, you will miss out on a lot of opportunities as well. I think you should consider going to college rather than driving the open road after High The information you've learned in High School will be more fresh in your mind now than 1 year from now. You have passed 12 years of schooling, yet now you believe it is time to rest and see other places and people for a year or more before attempting college. College adds 4 more years of intense work, yet knowledge learned within High School can make learning new material easier for you. Other people often find themselves getting sidetracked once they put off the option to attend college, that can only hinder your ability to eventually become a college graduate. College can be a fun experience if shared with friends and people of similar age. By aiting an extra year or two, you will find it more uncomfortable within your classes. The entire college experience involves parties, football games, and drinking beer with your buddies as well as an education. As you get into the entire experience and enjoy college, you will understand and appreciate what a college offers. The ideal time for college is now more than ever as you also have scholarships and your parents to help with the expensive money arrangement which is needed. Parents can be a great help in paying for your college, and may be willing to pay much more mmediately after graduation from High School, than paying 2 years afterwards. Scholarships are always helpful to students, paying for a little bit of an expensive college. Although, to use the scholarship, you must go immediately to college. A College education right now is a lot more beneficial to you and your future than you may realize. It can lead to earlier jobs with increased salaries, better college experience, and scholarships to help pay for it all. I hope the arguments I mentioned above help you to see the other side of this situation and choose appropriately.

Homeless And Mentally Ill Offenders - 1119 Words

Since the closure of the asylum’s doors, the prison compound has become the home to mentally ill offenders. They receive help by getting treated, but others, are abused further inside the prison’s walls. Each year, the number of inmates diagnosed increases, but also the ones who get arrested already mentally ill. The public shies away from them, but they also think they should be treated in a hospital, not in a prison. While there are many cases out there, that have either made a significant difference to their treatment, or just a little nudge to change, the numbers do not drop. The inmates who got the disease before being arrested was most probably because of lack of care by family members. Study shows that overall, there are 500,000 homeless cases in the 2014. Just alone in Texas, the change in homeless in minus three percent, which means it is steadily increasing, and people who need help are not being attended. Then they have a confrontation with the law, for eithe r the possession of illegal substances, public disturbances, or more elicit crimes. Once in custody, they are assessed to find the exact procedures the inmate may need. They are even housed within the facility with alike cases to prevent them from being harmed. Cases that include but are not limited to is, retardation, organic brain syndrome, and more serious mental illnesses like psychosis, schizophrenia, bipolar disorders and major depression. Many of the mental diseases do not cause violent reaction,Show MoreRelatedWeek1 PBSfilm Essay1369 Words   |  6 Pagesso many people are diagnosed with mental illness in the criminal justice system? Why do you think so many offenders in the criminal justice system suffer from mental illness? I believe so many are diagnosed with mental illness in the criminal justice system due to their repetitive actions of law breaking. In the beginning, these offenders are unaware a mental illness exists. So many offenders have pre-existing mental illnesses which are untreated; others may acquire a mental illness while incarceratedRead MoreHomelessness And Mental Health And Substance Abuse878 Words   |  4 Pagesto 25% of the homeless population in the United States suffers from some form of severe mental illness (DMHAS, 2014). Consequently, mental illnesses disrupt people’s ability to carry out key aspects of daily life, such as self-care and household responsibilities. As a result of these factors and the stresses of living with a mental disorder, people with mentally illnesses are much more likely to become homeless than the general population (Karger, Stoesz, 2014). Even if homeless individuals withRead MoreHow Crimes Involving The Mentally Ill1056 Words   |  5 Pag es How Crimes Involving the Mentally Ill Are Handled Introduction: Crimes linked to a mental disorder are seen to be abnormal from the established norms in society. According to the National Alliance of Mental Illness, a mental illness is a condition that impacts a person s thinking, feeling or mood and may affect their ability to relate to others and function on a daily basis.1 These variations often cause deviations from accepted behaviors. Behavior that is said to be not normal oftenRead MoreMental Illness And Mental Health1284 Words   |  6 Pagesbasically channeled the mentally ill into the corrections system. Often mentally ill offenders are released into community care. Lurigio emphasized that community based care â€Å"compartmentalizes† mentally ill offenders and creates limitations on whom they treat. This creates yet another gap within the corrections system for offenders to fall into. Those who require treatment may not get what they need because community care can only treat so much. These â€Å"missed† offenders are often the most seriousRead MoreThe Criminal Justice System Lacks The Necessary Fiscal986 Words   |  4 Pageslacks the necessary fiscal resources to manage the needs of mentally ill offenders. Mentally ill offenders have limited access to mental health professionals, medical staff, and criminal justice professionals who can accurately assess, evaluate, diagnose and treat their mental health issues. â€Å"Prisons and jails have a legal obligation to provide health and mental health care for inmates† (Ford et al. (2007), yet mentally ill offenders are not receiving services they need or are entitled to receiveRead MoreMental Disorders and Mentally Ill Offenders2098 Words   |  8 Pagespsychotherapy. The symptoms and signs of mental illness differ depending on the disorder. Some signs include confused thinking, or alcohol/drug abuse (Mayo Clinic Staff, 2012). Throughout this paper, I will discuss what is currently known about mentally ill offenders based on the correl ation between mental disorders and criminal activity. Since the 1970’s, severe mental illness has been increasingly linked to the criminal justice system (White et al., 2006). Recently, it was estimated that individualsRead MoreEssay on Homeless and Deinstitutionalization914 Words   |  4 PagesHomeless and Deinstitutionalization Deinstitutionalization- a term popularized in the mid fifties to early seventies, was an experiment involving the release of some 830,000 mental patients. By reducing state mental hospitals by 60%, this ideology was found very appealing by Liberals due to mental patients receiving their freedom (Website 1). It was also liked by conservatives because of the large amount of money that would be saved by cutting the mental health budget. A very debatable questionRead MoreMentally Ill and Criminal Justice3176 Words   |  13 PagesThe mentally ill is over-represented in the criminal justice system when compared with the larger United States population. People with mental illness are incarcerated approximately 8 times more frequently than they are admitted to state mental hospitals, and are incarcerated for significantly longer time than other inmates (Ascher-Svanum, Nyhuis, Faries, Ball, Kinon, 2010). This has been linked to an increased danger to themselves, other inmates and persons employed in the prison system. EffectivelyRead MoreThe Rehabilitation Of Homeless Offenders709 Words   |  3 Pagesfacilitate continued debate and long-term sustained impact on the physical, emotional and social wellbeing of the homeless offender. It is also to be hoped that additional benefits will occur from the research findings, including ensuring: †¢ The research will be made available for the development of further work into the rehabilitation of homeless offenders. †¢ Raising the profile of the homeless amongst academics and society, and encouraging continued informed debate. †¢ Raising the profile, statusRead MoreThe Death Of Christopher Lopez918 Words   |  4 PagesA lawsuit has been filed over the death of Christopher Lopez who was a diagnosed mentally ill inmate. On March 17, 2013 Lopez died while incarcerated in the San Carlos Correctional Facility. Lopez died on a concrete floor struggling to breathe while guards watched through the food slot to his cell. The reality of it which is why this is beyond frustrating and unacceptable in America is because Lopez s was a schizophrenic. Lopez was given a psychotropic drug to deal with his schizophrenia. Lopez